• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Device for controlling a lightning protection system comprising a lowering path (133, 136), characterized in that it comprises - means (20) for transmitting a radiofrequency signal at one end (135) of the descent path, - means (20) for measuring a reflection coefficient, - means (20) for determining resonance frequencies of the descent path, - means (20) for comparing the determined resonant frequencies. with pre-established resonant frequencies.
    公开号:FR3033217A1
    申请号:FR1551680
    申请日:2015-02-27
    公开日:2016-09-02
    发明作者:Puertolas Jesus Aspas；Francois Nguyen
    申请人:Airbus Defence and Space SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of structures exposed to lightning, such as wind turbines, and to the protection systems of such a structure against lightning. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates more specifically to a device and a method for controlling such a lightning protection system. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART The blades of wind turbines are mainly made of composite material with for example a fiber reinforcement made of fiberglass. The protection of a blade of a wind turbine of this type against lightning is conventionally based on a system comprising metal lightning receivers flush with the outer surface of the blade and distributed along the latter being connected to a cable descent electrically conductive positioned inside the blade and connected to the ground by means of connection integrated in the rotor hub of the wind turbine. Since lightning is preferentially attached to the lightning receptors, the lightning current is conducted by the downlink cable to the earth connection means.
    [0002] This type of lightning protection system architecture generally gives satisfaction but is relatively complex to control. The control of a lightning protection device generally consists in verifying the electrical continuity of the device so that the lightning current that attaches to a receiver is effectively conducted to earth and does not damage, or as little as possible, the structure of the wind turbine blade. In order to check the integrity of a conventional lightning protection system, it is necessary for an operator to access the receivers from the outside, for example by using a nacelle, in order to connect to the same control device the same. receivers and the end of the descent cable. This operation is complex to implement and expensive. In addition, the conventional method relies on a measurement of resistance between two points of the closed network, respectively positioned at the opposite ends of the blade. This method requires two access points to perform the measurements. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art by providing a device for controlling a lightning protection system comprising a descent path, characterized in that it comprises: transmission of a radiofrequency signal at one end of the descent path, means for measuring a reflection coefficient, resonance frequency determination means of the descent path, means for comparing the frequencies of the descent path; resonance determined with pre-established resonant frequencies. The control can be performed at the hub of the rotor, which is relatively easily accessible by an operator. The implementation of the invention requires access to only one point of the descent path. The resonance frequencies depend on the lengths of the different sections of the descent path. Their determination and comparison with pre-established resonance frequencies makes it possible to know whether the descent path has been undamaged. According to a preferred characteristic, the means for determining the resonance frequencies of the descent path are adapted to determine the resonance frequencies as a function of local minima of the amplitude of the reflection coefficient as a function of the frequency. According to another preferred characteristic, the means for determining the resonance frequencies of the glidepath are adapted to determine the resonant frequencies as a function of the points of inflection of the phase of the reflection coefficient as a function of the frequency. According to yet another preferred characteristic, the means for determining the resonance frequencies of the glidepath are adapted to determine the resonance frequencies as a function of local maxima of the derivative of the phase of the reflection coefficient as a function of frequency. It is of course possible to perform the determination of the resonant frequencies according to several of these possibilities, so as to make this determination more reliable by comparing the results. According to a preferred characteristic, the comparison means are adapted to compare the resonant frequencies with resonance frequencies of the flawless descent path. Thus, it is possible to determine whether the descent path has been damaged or not. According to a preferred characteristic, the comparison means are adapted to compare the resonant frequencies with resonant frequencies of the path of descent having pre-established cuts. Thus, when the descent path has been damaged, it is possible to determine the descent path defect. According to a preferred characteristic, the control device of a lightning protection system comprises a network vector analyzer. According to a preferred characteristic, the control device of a lightning protection system is used for a lightning protection system of a wind turbine. The invention also relates to a method of controlling a lightning protection system comprising a path of descent, characterized in that it comprises steps of: - transmitting a radio frequency signal at one end of the path of descent, - measurement of a reflection coefficient, - determination of resonance frequencies of the descent path, 5 - comparison of the determined resonant frequencies with pre-established resonant frequencies. According to a preferred characteristic, the control method of a protection system is applied to a lightning protection system of a wind turbine. The process has advantages similar to those previously presented. The invention also relates to a computer program comprising instructions for executing the steps of the method as previously presented, when said program is executed by a computer. The invention further relates to a computer readable recording medium on which a computer program is recorded including instructions for executing the steps of the previously presented method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other features and advantages will appear on reading the following description of a preferred embodiment given by way of non-limiting example, described with reference to the figures in which: FIG. 1 represents a wind turbine, FIG. 2 shows a wind turbine blade equipped with a lightning protection system. FIG. 3a shows an equivalent electric circuit of the lightning protection system, in a control configuration, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3b shows a control device embodiment, according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 represents a control of the lightning protection system, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 5a to 5c respectively represent the amplitude, the phase, the phase derivative of a reflection coefficient according to the frequency, according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS According to an embodiment shown in Figure 1, a wind turbine 1 generally comprises a mast 10 fixed to the ground, a nacelle carried by the mast and housing a rotor hub 12 supporting blades 13 and rotatably mounted about a rotor axis. Each blade 13 has a base connected to the rotor hub 12 and extending into a tapered airfoil to one end in a well-known manner. The mechanical structure of the wind turbine is conventional, but its lightning protection system is described below. Figure 2 schematically illustrates a blade 13 of the wind turbine 1. The blade 13 is generally formed of one or more spars (s) not shown (s) and an outer aerodynamic skin 131 integral with the spar. These elements are classic and will not be detailed here. The blade 13 has a lightning protection system. This system comprises at least one lightning receiver 132. It is a metal element flush with the outer surface, located near the end of the blade. Preferably, the lightning protection system comprises a plurality of lightning receptors 132, distributed on the outer surface of the blade. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the blade comprises two end receivers arranged symmetrically in a plane transverse to a plane of symmetry of the blade, and two median receivers, also arranged symmetrically in the same transverse plane. Of course, the number and disposition of the receivers may be different. The receivers 132 are connected to one or more lightning down cables 133, via cables 136. This system of electrical conductors 3033217 6 forms a tree structure, comprising different sections of trunk and branches. This structure thus forms a descent path that extends between the receiver or receivers located near the end of the blade and the hub 12 at which the descent path comprises a terminal 135 which is connected to the Earth. In the following, we are particularly interested in the descent path. FIG. 3a shows the equivalent electrical circuit of the lightning protection system, in control configuration, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The purpose of the check is to measure the continuity of the electrical circuit of the lightning protection system. For this, the connection terminal 135 of the descent path is disconnected from the ground and is connected to a control device which allows the injection of a radio frequency electric signal into the descent path, and then a measurement of the reflected signal. The control device preferably comprises a network vector analyzer 20. This operation is performed at the hub of the rotor. In another embodiment, the network vector analyzer 20 may be connected to any lightning receiver 132. It is then not necessary to disconnect the terminal 135 from the ground. The network vector analyzer 20 is used to perform a single port radiofrequency measurement. The principle of measurement is based on the reflectometry in the frequency domain. FIG. 3b shows a particular embodiment of a control device according to the invention. The control device has the general structure of a computer. It comprises in particular a processor 100 executing a computer program implementing the method according to the invention which will be described hereinafter, a memory 101, an input interface 102 and an output interface 103.
    [0003] These different elements are conventionally connected by a bus 105.
    [0004] The input interface 102 is connected to the connection terminal 135 of the descent path. The interface 102 produces data representing the measurements made. The processor 100 executes the treatments exposed in the following. These processes are performed in the form of code instructions of the computer program which are stored by the memory 101 before being executed by the processor 100. The output interface 103 is a man-machine interface 104 intended for provide information to an operator on the descent path that has been controlled.
    [0005] Fig. 4 shows the lightning protection system control method according to one embodiment of the present invention. The method comprises steps E1 to E4 implemented in the network vector analyzer 20. The step E1 is the transmission of a sinusoidal radiofrequency signal at one end of the path of descent. The amplitude and phase of the transmitted signal are predetermined. The frequency of the transmitted signal varies between two terminals. The next step E2 is the measurement of the amplitude of the phase of the signal reflected on the same port, in order to determine the resonance frequencies of the descent path. The reflection coefficient at the input, referred to as parameter Sn, is measured more particularly with the network vector analyzer 20. The parameter Su is the ratio between the amplitudes and the phases of the transmitted and reflected signals. When the frequency of the transmitted signal varies, a frequency sweep of the parameter Sn is obtained. From this frequency sweep of the parameter Sn, the resonance frequencies of the descent path, which depend on the lengths of the different sections of the branches 136 and the trunk 133 of the descent path, are determined. The various variants for determining the resonant frequencies are illustrated in FIGS. 5a to Sc. FIG. 5a represents the amplitude of the reflection coefficient as a function of the frequency. The resonant frequencies can be determined as a function of the local minima of this magnitude.
    [0006] Figure 5b shows the phase of the reflection coefficient as a function of frequency. The resonance frequencies correspond to the inflection points of the phase curve. Figure 5c shows the phase derivative of the reflection coefficient as a function of frequency. The resonance frequencies correspond to local maxima of this curve. In the example shown, four resonance frequencies are highlighted. The fact of working on the phase derivative makes it possible to avoid a possible slow drift of the offset as well as any possible calibration defect of the apparatus. The resonance frequencies depend on the lengths of the different sections of the descent path. The next step E3 is the comparison of previously detected resonant frequencies with predetermined resonant frequencies. These predetermined resonant frequencies preferably comprise several sets. First, they include the resonance frequencies of the flawless descent path. This is the signature of the descent path. Then, it is possible to establish sets of frequencies corresponding to pre-established cuts in the descent path.
    [0007] This makes it possible to identify faults in the descent path. Thus, it is possible to determine whether the descent path is intact and if not, to qualify the detected defect. The next step E4 is the production of a message indicating the result of the preceding comparison step. For example, if the determined resonant frequencies correspond to those of the flawless descent path, then the descent path has not been degraded. In the opposite case, the descent path is degraded, and if the determined resonance frequencies correspond to resonance frequencies associated with a predefined degradation, then the degradation of the descent path corresponds to this predefined degradation.
    [0008] 3033217 9 The control is thus achieved economically and simply. An operator accesses the down path connection terminal at the rotor hub 12. The invention has been described for a wind turbine blade, but can be transposed to other applications. For example, the control according to the invention can be applied to a lightning protection system in a building.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method of controlling a lightning protection system comprising a descent path, characterized in that it comprises steps of: - transmitting (E1) a radiofrequency signal at one end of the descent path, - measuring ( E2) of a reflection coefficient, - determination (E2) of resonance frequencies of the descent path, - comparison (E3) of the determined resonant frequencies with predetermined resonant frequencies.
    [0002]
    2. A method of controlling a lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of determining the resonance frequencies of the path of descent comprises the determination of the resonance frequencies as a function of local minima. amplitude of the reflection coefficient as a function of frequency.
    [0003]
    3. A method of controlling a lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of determining the resonance frequencies of the path of descent comprises determining the resonance frequencies as a function of inflection points. the phase of the reflection coefficient as a function of frequency.
    [0004]
    4. A method of controlling a lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of determining the resonance frequencies of the path of descent comprises determining the resonant frequencies as a function of local maxima of the derived from the phase of the reflection coefficient as a function of frequency. 3033217 56111 ML-P 11
    [0005]
    5. A method of controlling a lightning protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the comparison step comprises comparing the resonant frequencies with resonance frequencies of the glide path flawless. 5
    [0006]
    6. A method of controlling a lightning protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the comparison step comprises the comparison of the resonant frequencies with resonance frequencies of the path of descent. with pre-established cuts. 10
    [0007]
    7. A method of controlling a lightning protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is implemented in a network vector analyzer. 15
    [0008]
    8. A method of controlling a lightning protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is implemented for a lightning protection system of a wind turbine.
    [0009]
    9. Device for controlling a lightning protection system comprising a down path (133, 136), characterized in that it comprises means for transmitting a radiofrequency signal at one end (135). of the descent path, - means (20) for measuring a reflection coefficient, - means (20) for determining the resonance frequencies of the descent path, - means (20) for comparing the resonance frequencies determined with pre-established resonant frequencies. 3033217 S 56111 ML-P 12
    [0010]
    10. Lightning protection system of a wind turbine, characterized in that it comprises the control device of a lightning protection system according to claim 9. 5
    [0011]
    A computer program comprising instructions for performing the steps of the method of claim 1 when said program is executed by a computer.
    [0012]
    12. A computer-readable recording medium on which is recorded a computer program comprising instructions for performing the steps of the method according to claim 1.
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    2016-02-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-09-02| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160902 |
    2017-02-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-07-07| TP| Transmission of property|Owner name: AIRBUS SAFRAN LAUNCHERS SAS, FR Effective date: 20170602 |
    2017-10-06| CA| Change of address|Effective date: 20170831 |
    2018-02-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-05-11| CA| Change of address|Effective date: 20180409 |
    2018-05-11| CD| Change of name or company name|Owner name: AIRBUS SAFRAN LAUNCHERS SAS, FR Effective date: 20180409 |
    2020-02-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-02-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2022-02-16| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1551680A|FR3033217B1|2015-02-27|2015-02-27|CONTROL OF PROTECTION SYSTEM AGAINST LIGHTNING|FR1551680A| FR3033217B1|2015-02-27|2015-02-27|CONTROL OF PROTECTION SYSTEM AGAINST LIGHTNING|
    EP16707693.4A| EP3262730B1|2015-02-27|2016-02-25|Controlling a lightning protection system|
    MX2017010985A| MX371511B|2015-02-27|2016-02-25|Controlling a lightning protection system.|
    ES16707693T| ES2759904T3|2015-02-27|2016-02-25|Lightning protection system control|
    CN201680011493.6A| CN107430163A|2015-02-27|2016-02-25|Control lightning-protection system|
    DK16707693.4T| DK3262730T3|2015-02-27|2016-02-25|Control of a lightning protection system|
    PCT/EP2016/054006| WO2016135254A1|2015-02-27|2016-02-25|Controlling a lightning protection system|
    US15/553,702| US10615584B2|2015-02-27|2016-02-25|Controlling a lightning protection system|
    CA2977379A| CA2977379A1|2015-02-27|2016-02-25|Controlling a lightning protection system|
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